Plum varieties Anna Shpet - a long-liver of the southern gardens of Russia. Appearing in the first post-war years, she quickly found loyal fans. Trees are covered with delicate lace of flowers in April, and fragrant fruits of this variety complete the fruit season, prolonging the charm of the southern summer.
Origin and geography of the variety
The story of the appearance of this plum is amazing. At the end of the nineteenth century, the owner of the fruit tree nursery in Berlin, Franz Špet, appreciated the remarkable qualities of plum seedling from Hungary. He consolidated and improved its properties, and by 1874 he began to sell his own trees, naming the variety in honor of his great-grandmother, Anna Späth, who founded this nursery in 1782-92. In the Soviet Union, the Anna Shpet variety was introduced into the State Register since 1947.
Since the fruits of this plum ripen late, it is recommended to grow it in the southern regions:
- North Caucasus (Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic, Republic of Ingushetia, Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory and Republic of Crimea),
- Lower Volga (Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan and Volgograd regions).
This variety is still grown in European countries. Plum Anna Shpet was recognized as the grade of the year in Austria in 2015. From the countries of the former Soviet Union, it is also cultivated in Ukraine and Moldova.
Plum Anna Shpet in 2015 was recognized as the grade of the year in Austria
Description of plum variety Anna Shpet
The tree is long-lived, medium in size with a thick, well-leafy crown of rounded or pyramidal shape. The stamp is smooth, even. The shoots are straight, light brown. The leaf blade is small, light green, thin, with serrated edges.
Flowering of this plum usually occurs in April. Two white, large flowers develop from each bud. The stigma of the pistil protrudes above the stamens.
Plum Blossom Anna Shpet in April
Fruits are large, oval or ovoid. The mass of one plum is about 40-50 g. The skin is thin, but dense, painted in dark blue, almost black, and there is also a brick-brown hue. She is, as it were, covered with a bluish coating. The flesh is transparent, golden honey, sometimes with a greenish yellow. The stone is medium in size, elongated-oval, and detaches well. The taste of the pulp is tender, melting, sweet, with a pleasant acidity. The use of fruits is dessert: eat mainly fresh, but can also be harvested. They also tolerate transportation well and can be stored fresh in a dry room for up to 1 month.
Candied fruit was our favorite treat and constant decoration of birthday cakes in our family. Having the time and the desire to preserve the plum crop, you can reproduce this original dessert. 1.3 kg of water and 1 kg of sugar are taken per 1 kg of pitted halves of the plum. Water with sugar is poured into a wide enameled bowl, put on medium heat and brought to a boil with stirring. As soon as the syrup boils, carefully add the halves of the plums, bring the mass to a boil and immediately turn it off. When the syrup has cooled, the fruits are taken out and put in a colander so that the syrup drains. The cooled syrup must be put on fire again, brought to a boil and again delicately immersed in the fruit. This action is repeated 2-3 times until the plums acquire a pleasant gloss. Then they are laid out on trays and left to dry. The process is significantly accelerated when using an electric dryer. Dried halves of plums can be rolled in fine granulated sugar. These sweets of own production will decorate any holiday table.
Finished candied fruits have a glossy shine. They can be sprinkled with fine sugar or left so
Plum Anna Shpet late ripe. Fruits fully ripen only by the end of September. Trees do not differ in early maturity. The first crop is obtained 3-5 years after planting a seedling. The variety is partially self-fertile. With the entry into fruiting it gives a regular crop, and every year there are more and more fruits. A mature 20-year-old tree with proper care gives up to 120 kg of plum. Fruit setting significantly increases in the neighborhood with pollinators: Victoria, Catherine and Greenclaw Altana.
Large obovate plum fruits of Anna Shpet covered with a bluish coating
Plum variety Anna Shpet unpretentious in care and tolerant of drought. Wood and buds are not very winter-hardy, but the variety exhibits high regenerative properties: even trees severely damaged by frost can recover completely.
Despite a good recovery after exposure to cold, it is unprofitable to grow this variety in the northern regions due to the late ripening of fruits. In addition, the cool and rainy summer provokes the incidence of trees.
The disadvantage of the variety is its sensitivity to diseases: moniliosis and polystigmosis. To other diseases, this plum shows medium resistance. Some summer residents also note the fragility of wood: the tree trunk could not withstand powerful gusts of wind.
Plum planting
Plum Anna Shpet can be planted in autumn and spring. For her, they choose sunny areas, protected from the north winds by buildings. Groundwater should not be located closer than 2-2.5 m from the surface of the earth. It is advisable to pick up a space away from large trees that provide shade. It is worth immediately providing a place for planting seedlings of pollinating varieties, adhering to a distance of 3-4 meters between the holes. Between the rows you can leave the same gap or a little more.
Seedlings should have healthy, whole, but not open buds. Contained root system trees better tolerate the stress of planting.
Work Stages:
- In advance, dig a hole with a depth of 70-80 cm, a diameter of 60 cm. The surface soil layer is separated, and the lower infertile strata are removed from the site.
When digging holes, fertile soil layers are separated from clay
- Southern lands are usually light, so a bucket of compost or humus, 1-2 buckets of peat, 1-2 liters of wood ash and 3-5 kg of limestone gravel are added to the planting pit to provide plants with calcium, which stone fruits need so much. Everything is thoroughly mixed with its own fertile soil layer. Part of the obtained substrate is poured back into the well. The tree is placed so that the root neck rises 5-6 cm above the soil level. If the seedling has an open root system, carefully straighten it. If the plums are containerized, they are watered before planting, removed from the container, placed in the center of the pit.
It is necessary to determine the height of the root neck
- Add soil mixture, trying not to leave voids. An irrigation hole is formed, 2-3 buckets of water are brought in successively under the root. When water ceases to be absorbed, watering is stopped.
Form a watering hole and water it abundantly
- The trunk circle is mulched with sawdust or freshly cut grass.
After planting, the trunk circle is mulched, suppressing weed growth, keeping the soil loose and preventing moisture evaporation
Immediately during planting, you can dig a planting stake on the south side and tie up a seedling.
Features of cultivation and subtleties of care
The first pruning is carried out immediately after planting, shortening the stem to 50-60 cm. In the next three years, only 4-5 strong shoots are left, directed in different directions, shortening them by a third. Subsequently, the length of the shoots is shortened by a quarter and the sparse-tier form of the crown is maintained. Every spring, sanitary pruning is performed, removing diseased, frostbitten, broken twigs. Also do not leave shoots growing inside the crown or rubbing against each other.
Plum crown formation
Plum variety Anna Shpet is considered unpretentious among gardeners. If you fill the planting hole with humus and ash immediately, you can not worry about fertilizers for two - three years. In the third year in the spring, nitrous compounds (urea, ammonium nitrate 20-30 g per 10 l of water) can be added to the irrigation pit. Before flowering, plums are fed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (superphosphate and potassium sulfate, 30 g per 10 l of water). It should be remembered that nitrogen fertilizers give only in spring, and phosphorus and potash in late spring, summer and autumn. A lot of nitrogen compounds are found in manure, therefore, top dressing with mullein infusion should be avoided in autumn so as not to stimulate intensive foliage growth.
The plum is watered abundantly at least three to four times per season. It is important to provide trees with water during flowering, the formation of the ovary and immediately after harvest. In other cases, you need to be guided by the state of the soil coma. This variety tolerates drought with dignity.
Another mandatory irrigation, pre-winter, must be provided a month before the establishment of cold weather.
In late autumn and early spring, it is necessary to whitewash the stem and the main skeletal shoots to protect the trees from the effects of low temperatures.
Diseases and Pests
Plum cultivar Anna Shpet does not have high resistance to moniliosis and polystigmosis. DTo prevent the development and spread of diseases, you need to remove the fallen leaves, the source of diseases, and destroy them, since many fungi survive if the leaves are simply buried in the ground. Treatment and prophylactic measures are equally effective against pathogens of all fungal diseases. The most effective fungicide used against them in summer cottages is Chorus. On 10 l of water add 2-3 g of the product, dissolve, spray the trees at the rate of 5 l of the drug per 1 plant. The last treatment with the product should be carried out no later than 30 days before harvesting.
For the effectiveness of the fight against fungi, you need to use several types of fungicides. It is recommended to combine the use of Horus with the drugs Switch, Fitoflavin, Skor. Solutions must be prepared strictly according to the instructions, subject to personal protective measures.
Moniliosis, or monilial plum burn
A cool and wet spring provokes an outbreak of moniliosis. It can manifest itself in the form of a monilial burn of leaves and gray rot of fruits. The vegetative diseases are also affected - young shoots, leaves, and generative organs of the plant: flowers, ovary, fruits.
Moniliosis or gray rot affects plum fruits and leaves
If the disease passes to wood, gum-dropping begins in weakened trees, they lose their immunity, and winter hardiness decreases. As a result, the plants die.
Affected fruits, leaves and shoots are removed and destroyed. Treatment with fungicides is carried out in early spring, spilling the tree from top to bottom.
Polystigmosis
Polystigmosis, red spotting, or a burn of leaves is a fungal disease that is aggravated in rainy weather. Yellowish or red spots appear on the leaves. In summer, perforations appear on the leaf blade at the lesion sites.
Polystigmosis is a fungal plum disease caused by cool rainy weather.
Affected trees lose their foliage, become vulnerable to other diseases, as their resistance decreases. The productivity of trees and their winter hardiness also suffer.
It is noticed that treatment of trees with a 5-7% urea solution gives a good effect. Spill up to 5 liters of solution per 1 plant. This simultaneously inhibits the growth of infection, and is a nitrogen fertilizer for plums.
Pests
A healthy and well-groomed tree does not suffer from pests. To maintain the immunity of plants, you need to provide them with proper care and nutrition, avoid thickened plantings, treat and prune on time. To combat insect pests, it is preferable to attract their natural enemies - birds, hanging feeders and installing drinking bowls on the site. And it is worth resorting to toxic drugs in extreme cases. After all, the garden is not only a platform for growing trees and harvesting, but also a place of gathering and resting the family.
Feeding birds, we attract natural enemies of insect pests
Reviews
Re: Anna Späth
Quote: Message from lus Practically some of the pluses are fruitful, tasty, the bone lags, resistant to diseases and pests, hangs on a tree for a long time and becomes even sweeter !!!
As for the diseases, I do not quite agree, the variety is very unstable to diseases, especially to moniliosis. Otherwise, everything is true. I consider ASh the most delicious plum variety in general. If you have two varieties on the site - Anna Shpett and Renklod Altana, then nothing more is needed for happiness. In addition to poor disease resistance, the variety also has drawbacks, which it is advisable to know about in advance: 1. High, pyramidal crown. When the tree grows, then the whole crop will be outside the zone of reasonable reach and here without a good ladder in any way. 2. Weak, loose wood. A few years ago my AS was overwhelmed with a strong wind on its side (to my deep regret), having torn off some of the roots. If you occasionally have hurricanes, then consider ASH as a consumable. 3. Fruits are completely unsuitable for freezing. After defrosting, the taste deteriorates sharply, the pulp turns into a gelatinous mass. In this sense, AS is not a competitor even to any rootless plum or thorns. It makes no sense to talk about partial sterility, because it is better not to plant a drain without a pollinator. By the way, RA is generally sterile, but paired with ASh are good pollinators for each other.
bauer. Volgograd
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11043
... Anna Shpet, in my opinion, does not need pollination at all, she grew on the field with me, alone like a finger, always was in the plums ...
elena.p
//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/archive/index.php/t-2362-p-3.html
Kain21429 said: ↑ Good afternoon, forum users who heard about Anna Plum's plum. Who can tell about it? Is the variety standing there suitable for planting in the Yaroslavl region?
Cain, give your Anna a thread to Ukraine, and to your north look for a thread that is more winter-hardy. For example, Mashenka, Dasha, late Vitebsk (from very large), Ochakov yellow, Hungarian Muscovite, Tula black (from smaller) ...
toliam1. St. Petersburg
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/4467/page-86
Despite the overseas origin, Anna Shpet plum has long settled in southern Russia. Its honeyed fruits, packed in a gloomy blue peel, are filled with the noble taste and aroma of the southern night.
