Water is an exceptional gift, without which life on earth is simply impossible. Water is an invariable element of the daily cycle: watering plants, household needs, cooking ... By acquiring a site where there is not even the slightest hint of the source of this inorganic compound, the problem of finding water for a well or a well becomes one of the key. We suggest you make out the most popular and effective ways.
A bit about aquifers
In the ground, as a rule, there are 2-3 aquifers, separated by water-resistant layers, the horizons of which can vary significantly.
Aquifers are a kind of underground lakes, mainly consisting of water-soaked sand
At the smallest depth of about 25 meters is the water of the first layer, referred to as “subcutaneous” or the upper water. It is formed by filtering melt water and precipitation through the ground. Such water is suitable only for irrigation of green spaces and for household needs.
The water of the second layer of mainland sand is already suitable for consumption. The third layer is water, which has excellent taste and is rich in useful chemical compounds and mineral salts.
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Effective ways to find water
There are more than a dozen ways to determine the proximity of water to the surface. The search for water under the well can be carried out using one of the following effective methods.
Using silica gel
For this, the granules of the substance are preliminarily carefully dried in the sun or in the oven and put in an unglazed clay pot. To determine the amount of moisture absorbed by the granules, the pot must be weighed before being instilled. A silica gel pot wrapped in non-woven material or a dense fabric is dug into the ground to a depth of about a meter in the place at the site where the well is planned to be drilled. After a day, the pot of contents can be dug up and weighed again: the heavier it is, the more moisture it has absorbed, which in turn indicates the presence of a nearby aquifer.
The use of silica gel, which belongs to the category of substances that have the ability to absorb moisture and retain it, will make it possible in just a couple of days to determine the most suitable place for drilling a well or equipping a well
In order to narrow the search for water for a well, several such clay containers can be used simultaneously. It is possible to more accurately determine the optimal location for drilling by re-instilling a silica gel pot.
Moisture-absorbing properties are also possessed by ordinary red clay brick and salt. The determination of the aquifer occurs according to a similar principle with preliminary and repeated weighing and calculating the difference of indicators.
Barometric method
The readings of 0.1 mm Hg of the barometer correspond to a difference in pressure drop of 1 meter. To work with the device, you must first measure its pressure readings on the shore of a nearby reservoir, and then together with the device move to the place of the proposed arrangement of the source of water production. At the well drilling site, air pressure measurements are made again, and the depth of the water is calculated.
The presence and depth of groundwater is also successfully determined using a conventional aneroid barometer
For example: the barometer on the river bank is 545.5 mm, and on the site - 545.1 mm. The groundwater level is calculated according to the principle: 545.5-545.1 = 0.4 mm, i.e., the depth of the well will be at least 4 meters.
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Exploratory drilling
Test exploratory drilling is one of the most reliable ways to find water for a well.
Exploratory drilling allows not only to indicate the presence and level of water occurrence, but also to determine the characteristics of the soil layers occurring before and after the aquifer
Drilling is carried out using a conventional garden manual drill. Since the depth of the exploratory well averages 6–10 meters, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of increasing the length of its handle. For work it is enough to use a drill with a screw diameter of 30 cm. As the drill deepens so as not to break the tool, excavation must be carried out every 10-15 cm of the soil layer. Wet silver sand can be observed already at a depth of about 2-3 meters.
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The place for the arrangement of the well should be located no closer than 25-30 meters relative to drainage trenches, compost and garbage heaps, as well as other sources of pollution. The most successful well placement is on an elevated site.
Repeating terrain aquifers in elevated areas are a source of cleaner filtered water
Rainwater and meltwater always flow down from the hill to the lowland, where it gradually drains into the water-resistant layer, which in turn displaces clean filtered water to the level of the aquifer.
