For the design of apartments, houses, office premises, as well as in landscape design, the hibiscus plant, or Chinese rose, or Chinese rose, is often used. It is hard not to notice this gorgeous shrub with huge beautiful flowers.
The plant belongs to the Malvaceae family. Rosan can grow in the form of a tree-like shrub, tree or herb.
The habitat is southern China and India, but the bush has taken root well in tropical and subtropical countries. In Korea, his flower is recognized as national; his image is minted on the coins of Malaysia.
The name of the tree consists of two parts. The first part characterizes a flower that looks like a large rose, the second - the country of growth.
Hibiscus chinese
The leaves of Chinese rosan are carved, glossy, leathery, dark green. The flower is large, grows up to 16 cm in diameter. Many varieties of Chinese hibiscus with red, white, yellow, orange and pink colors have been bred. In appearance, they are divided into ordinary and terry.
Chinese rosan lives about 30 years. In the natural habitat can reach a height of 3 m.
Street chinese rose
Hibiscus adapts to cultivation, both indoors and outdoors. Young shoots of hibiscus are used for cooking, tea is brewed from its buds. Rosan is also grown for medical purposes.
Propagation of a Chinese rose
How to propagate hibiscus at home? The Chinese rose tree can be propagated in two ways: by grafting and growing from seeds.
The most preferred method of breeding hibiscus is cuttings. It is the simplest and less labor-intensive, while the seedling always inherits all the signs of the mother plant.
Attention! The tree obtained by propagation by cuttings will bloom in a year.
Cuttings
As planting material, use rosan branches that remain after trimming the bush, or a specially cut stalk with the apical part of the shoot. Prepared parts of branches should have two or more internodes.
Cutting cuttings of Chinese rosan
For rooting, two methods are used:
- Put the cut parts of the shoots into a jar of water. After the appearance of the roots, seedlings need to be transplanted into a pot with prepared soil.
- You can root the cuttings directly in the ground. The soil should be loose and light. You can use sand. Cuttings stick into the soil. In order to maintain optimal rooting conditions for the cuttings, the planting is covered from above with a plastic bag or a glass jar to create a mini-greenhouse. Periodically, the can is removed and the plantings are aired. This will remove condensate and prevent the appearance of fungal diseases of seedlings.
The room temperature must be maintained within + 22-25 ° С.
Roots grow on the cuttings within 1-2 months after planting, they can be transplanted to a permanent place.
Seed cultivation
A tree can propagate by seed. With this version of breeding, the bush will bloom no earlier than three years later.
How to grow Chinese hibiscus from seeds at home? This option is more time-consuming than grafting. Seeds can be obtained independently or purchased at the store.
The procedure for growing hibiscus is as follows:
- Seeds are pre-soaked in warm water for several hours. For landing, those located at the bottom of the tank are used. Empty seeds that have surfaced are not suitable for planting. It is advisable to add a growth stimulator to the water tank. It is also recommended that after this they be disinfected in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
- Place seeds on a damp germination cloth. Cover them also with a damp cloth. When germinating rags, you need to constantly moisten them so that they do not dry out.
Hibiscus seeds
- After the appearance of sprouts, the seeds must be carefully planted in a prepared cup with soil. Peat and sand can be mixed in equal proportions as a substrate. Planting is performed either in pre-moistened soil, or after planting, the earth is moistened from the spray gun.
- Landings need to be covered with glass or polyethylene to obtain an impromptu mini-greenhouse.
- Daily care consists of airing the greenhouse, spraying the substrate with water and maintaining the temperature not lower than 25 ° С.
- After the third leaf appears in the seedlings, they need to be diced and transplanted into separate small containers.
Pick of seedlings of a Chinese rose
In their first flower pots, young Chinese rosans will grow until they are transplanted into large containers.
Seedlings and seedlings care
When seedlings and seedlings are planted in individual containers, you need to take care of them in the same way as for adult plants.
With proper care, the growth rate of young plants is quite high. To form a beautiful magnificent crown, the tops of the shoots periodically pinch.
Young seedlings need annual transplants. To do this, a pot is selected, slightly larger than the previous one in diameter. At the bottom, a drainage layer is necessarily organized, consisting of small pieces of brick or expanded clay.
It is better to transplant the plant by transshipment. With this variant of transplantation, the risk of injury to the hibiscus roots is practically eliminated.
Empty spaces in the pot are covered with prepared soil. For the plant, you can use the soil substrate in which citrus fruits are grown. Before planting, some sand is added to it. You can prepare the earth yourself. For this, turf and leaf soil are mixed in equal parts and 1/3 of humus, sand and charcoal are added.
The formation of indoor hibiscus
The Chinese rose must be pruned. Pruning is necessary for the formation of a beautiful crown of a plant, its thinning and stimulation of flowering of a tree.
Before you begin to form a plant, you need to decide on the type of future hibiscus. Usually it is grown in the form of a standard tree or in the form of a bush.
Stamped Chinese Rosan
When do you need to start forming hibiscus from scratch? In young Chinese rosans, the formation begins when the seedling has reached a height of 13-15 cm.
If a plant is formed in the form of a standard tree, then the central shoot is pinched. This stimulates the growth of the lateral processes. Since the young plant has a thin trunk, it is best to tie the trunk when forming a tree to some support, for example, a wooden stick.
If a bush is formed, then several buds located below are left on the central trunk, the rest of it is cut off. Branches of the future shrub will grow from them. After about 3 months, the grown shoots are also pruned.
When rosan is formed, dry and damaged shoots are cut out, as well as branches that grow inside the crown or parallel to the main.
The cut is performed at an angle of 45 ° with conventional scissors. When choosing the place of cut, pay attention to the position of the kidney or sheet over which the cut is carried out. They should be located on the outside of the branch. In this case, the growth of the shoot will be directed from the crown.
It is advisable to prune the flower in February and autumn. In summer, pruning is not recommended, as this can delay the flowering of the bush.
Using the correct pruning, you can grow a bonsai from a tree.
Bonsai tree
Adult tree care
Behind a tree, a Chinese rose is easy to care for at home. It includes timely watering, pruning, top dressing and creating conditions for wintering.
Watering mode
In the period from February to October, the plant is abundantly watered. Watering is performed when the topsoil is dry. Water is taken warm and settled. After watering, the excess water that is in the pan is drained.
For plants during the growing season, air humidity should be maintained at 70%. Therefore, if the summer is hot, then foliar watering or spraying is carried out.
Top dressing
During the growing season, for the normal development of the plant, you need to fertilize the shrub. It is best to purchase ready-made mineral formulations for flowering plants. When choosing a fertilizer, preference is given to those that contain a small percentage of phosphorus in their composition.
Mineral fertilizers need to be alternated with organics. As organic fertilizers, use chicken infusion (concentration 1:20) or cow manure (concentration 1:12).
Attention! It is impossible to fertilize newly transplanted plants.
Plants necessarily fertilize on moist soil. If the soil is dry, then you can burn the leaves.
Shrubs are usually fertilized once every 2-3 weeks.
During flowering
Hibiscus blooms for 3 seasons - it starts in spring and ends in autumn. Some specimens can throw buds even in winter.
A blossoming flower keeps on the branch for no more than 1-2 days, then falls, but a new bud opens to replace it.
Chinese rose flower
To obtain sufficient lighting, hibiscus is installed near windows oriented to the southeast or southwest. When installed on the southern windowsill, the flower is protected from direct sunlight.
During this period, the temperature is maintained at + 18-20 ° C.
From spring to autumn, the plant can be placed in the garden or on the balcony. The main requirement when choosing a place is ambient light, protection from wind and drafts.
During rest
In winter, the plant should rest. To do this, the temperature in the room decreases, the frequency and volume of irrigation are reduced. To determine the need for watering, the earth in the pot is loosened with a stick to a depth of several centimeters. If it is dry, then watering is carried out, if dry only a thin top layer, then watering is not performed.
Daylight hours are maintained for 6-8 hours. With a lack of natural light, artificial lighting is additionally organized. You can specifically use a phytolamp for these purposes.
The optimum temperature for wintering the plant is + 15-18 ° C.
Attention! Do not lower the air temperature below + 10 ° C. At low temperatures, the plant dies.
Also at this time, the flower does not need frequent feeding. Fertilize the bush no more than 1 time per month with phosphorus-potassium compounds, or do not add fertilizing at all.
If the air in the room is very dry, then the Chinese roses are sprayed with warm soft water.
Winter preparations
In the autumn, foliage may fall from hibiscus. In this case, the bare stems are trimmed. Shoots cut and leave small processes (a few centimeters).
Watering is also gradually reduced so that in winter the reduction in the amount of water is not sharp.
By autumn, nitrogen-containing additives are excluded so as not to provoke active shoot growth. At this time, it is recommended to feed the Chinese rose with a potassium-phosphorus composition. Fertilize no more than 1 time per month.
Why the Chinese rose does not bloom
Often flower growers ask themselves what to do when hibiscus does not bloom. At the same time, many argue that they perform proper care of the plant, including watering, top dressing, and temperature conditions.
One of the reasons why hibiscus does not bloom is because the tree does not have enough light. A Chinese rose blooms only when it receives sufficient lighting. In this case, you need to take the flower pot to the balcony or to the garden. You can try to transfer it to the southern windowsill.
Also another answer to the question of why the Chinese rose does not bloom is untimely pruning. The fact is that flower shoots can only be young. It is on them that the buds are laid. Therefore, to make hibiscus form new buds, it is necessary to remove the dried flower along with part of the shoot after flowering.
Attention! Chinese Rosan may not bloom if the plant is not provided with a normal wintering. This may be due to increased ambient temperature during this period, which negatively affects the buds.
Another reason is the transplanting of a tree into a very large pot. Flowering plants form buds only when their root system fills the entire volume of the pot.
The bush can throw buds, but they do not open and soon dry up, fall off. This may be due to lack of moisture, nutrients or low temperature. Also, due to lack of moisture and nutrients, the leaves will turn yellow.
Yellowed hibiscus leaf
If there are flowers, but in a small amount, and the bush mainly increases the green mass, then the plant receives excessive nitrogen fertilizers. It may also be due to insufficient lighting.
Chinese rose is a plant that organically fits into the interior of any home or decorates a garden plot.
